- Acapnia – The state in which the level of Carbon Dioxide in the blood is lower than normal.
- Anoxia – Absence of Oxygen.
- Apoptosis – The process of programmed cell death (PCD) that may occur in multicellular organisms.
- Cytokines – "Any of a number of small proteins that are secreted by specific cells of the immune system and that carry signals locally between cells, and thus have an effect on other cells.
(Greek cyto-, cell; and -kinos, movement) "
- Embryonic Stem Cells (ES cells) – Pluripotent Stem Cells derived from the inner cell mass of the Blastocyst, an early-stage embryo. Human embryos reach the Blastocyst stage 4 to 5 days post fertilization, at which time they consist of 50-150 cells.
- Hypercapnia – "A condition where there is too much Carbon Dioxide in the blood.
(Also known as Hypercapnea or Hypercarbia)"
- Hyperoxia – Excess oxygen or higher than normal partial pressure of Oxygen.
- Hypoxia – Pathological condition in which the body as a whole (Generalized Hypoxia) or a region of the body (Tissue Hypoxia) is deprived of adequate Oxygen supply. Reference high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and high altitude cerebral edema (HACE).
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factors (HIFs) – Hypoxia-Inducible Factors (HIFs) are transcription factors that respond to changes in available Oxygen in the cellular environment, specifically, to decreases in Oxygen, or Hypoxia. HIF is a master regulator protein responsible for activating banks of genes very specific Oxygen levels.
- Maintaining Cells in Culture – Cells are grown and maintained at an appropriate temperature and gas mixture (typically, 37 degrees C and 5% Carbon Dioxide for mammalian cells) in a cell incubator.
- Normoxia – The condition of having a normal level of Oxygen, not necessarily 20.9%. Normoxia for the trachea (wind pipe) is different from Normoxia of the mitochondria (the energy factory inside every cell). Mitochondria are functioning at 0.1% Oxygen levels, while the trachea has about ambient levels 20.9%.
- Oxygen Tension – The partial pressure of Oxygen. Alternatively, you can think of it as the concentration of Oxygen.
- Passaging – "Involves transferring a small number of cells into a new vessel.
(Also known as subculture or splitting cells)"
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